铝包钢丝拉拔工艺设计与试验

选用连续挤压包覆法生产的铝包钢丝毛坯，采用强制润滑拉拔技术进行拉拔试验研究。通过试验、比较筛选了适合铝包铜丝拉拔的耐温耐压润滑剂。在对铝包钢丝拉拔工艺进行合理设计的基础上，拉制出了产品。对产品的机械性能和电性能进行了测试，并对断口进行了扫描电镜的观察。结果表明，双金属的结合性能良好,各项性能指标均达到相关标准。这一试验研究对铝包钢丝的生产有指导意义。     

南通市钢丝绳行业污泥处置与利用技术方案研究

通过对南通市钢丝绳行业产生污泥的特征进行分析,在总结了国内外重金属污泥控制技术的基础上,结合南通市实际情况,提出了钢丝绳污泥处置方案,并进行了可行性分析.     

基于IPSO-BP神经网络的钢丝绳断丝损伤识别模型研究

为解决传统钢丝绳断丝损伤识别方法精度低，BP神经网络陷入局部最优等问题，提出改进粒子群算法（IPSO）的BP神经网络识别模型。通过采集钢丝绳断丝损伤信号，提取缺陷信号特征，用峰值、峰峰值、波宽、波形下面积和波动能量5个特征值组成特征向量作为神经网络的输人，断丝数量作为神经网络的输出；利用改进粒子群算法对BP神经网络的初始权值和阈值进行优化；建立基于IPSO-BP算法的神经网络模型，用于钢丝绳断丝的定量识别。结果表明:IPSO-BPS神经网络模型的钢丝绳断丝损伤识别精度、泛化能力均高于传统BP神经网络模型，且改进的粒子群算法迭代寻优速度更快。     

Effects of fishing rope strength on the severity of large whale entanglements

Entanglement in fixed fishing gear affects whales worldwide. In the United States, deaths of North Atlantic right (Eubalaena glacialis) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) have exceeded management limits for decades. We examined live and dead whales entangled in fishing gear along the U.S. East Coast and the Canadian Maritimes from 1994 to 2010. We recorded whale species, age, and injury severity and determined rope polymer type, breaking strength, and diameter of the fishing gear. For the 132 retrieved ropes from 70 cases, tested breaking strength range was 0.80–39.63 kN (kiloNewtons) and the mean was 11.64 kN (SD 8.29), which is 26% lower than strength at manufacture (range 2.89–53.38 kN, mean = 15.70 kN [9.89]). Median rope diameter was 9.5 mm. Right and humpback whales were found in ropes with significantly stronger breaking strengths at time of manufacture than minke whales (Balaenoptera acuturostrata) (19.30, 17.13, and 10.47 mean kN, respectively). Adult right whales were found in stronger ropes (mean 34.09 kN) than juvenile right whales (mean 15.33 kN) and than all humpback whale age classes (mean 17.37 kN). For right whales, severity of injuries increased since the mid 1980s, possibly due to changes in rope manufacturing in the mid 1990s that resulted in production of stronger ropes at the same diameter. Our results suggest that broad adoption of ropes with breaking strengths of ≤7.56 kN (≤1700 lbsf) could reduce the number of life‐threatening entanglements for large whales by at least 72%, and yet could provide sufficient strength to withstand the routine forces involved in many fishing operations. A reduction of this magnitude would achieve nearly all the mitigation legally required for U.S. stocks of North Atlantic right and humpback whales. Ropes with reduced breaking strength should be developed and tested to determine the feasibility of their use in a variety of fisheries.     

高压输电线路抗冰灾的研究现状与发展趋势

从导地线和输电塔的覆冰模型、覆冰断线倒塔破坏机理、覆冰气象条件下塔-线体系可靠性等方面,全面分析了高压输电塔-线体系抗冰灾的研究现状和发展趋势,系统总结了国内外有关高压输电线路抗冰灾的研究成果。指出了目前高压输电塔-线体系抗冰灾研究中存在的问题和不足,具体从导地线和输电塔的覆冰模型、覆冰断线冲击的动力学分析理论、模型实验和数值模拟方法、塔-线体系覆冰可靠性等方面提出了当前迫切需要进行研究的内容与方向,以揭示高压输电线路覆冰断线以及倒塔破坏的机理,增强抵抗冰荷载灾害性破坏的能力及完善高压架空输电线路设计的标准。     

某钢丝绳典型产业区土壤重金属含量现状调查

以钢丝绳产业集聚区内的土壤为研究对象，采集和分析产业区中心河两边淹水环境下的水稻田、少用受污染河水灌溉的棉花田及不用受污染河水灌溉的蔬菜地样本，结果表明，产业区内土壤中铅和锌的含量明显高于产业区外。产业区内除水稻田土壤中铅的质量比超过评价参比值外，其他灌溉方式下土壤中铅和锌的质量比均未超过《土壤环境质量标准》（GB 15618-1995）中的二级标准（pH值＞7）。统计分析表明，土壤中的重金属含量与废水灌溉方式有关，该产业区内土壤外源重金属来自钢丝绳产业的可能性很大。在不同的灌溉方式下，土壤剖面样品中的重金属含量随着土壤深度增加呈现降低的趋势，2010年和2011年的测定结果无显著差异。     

Meta‐Analysis of the Effectiveness of Marked Wire in Reducing Avian Collisions with Power Lines

Abstract: Collisions of birds with power transmission and distribution lines have been documented for many species, and cause millions of casualties worldwide. Attempts to reduce mortality from such collisions include placing bird flight diverters (i.e., wire markers in the form of, e.g., spirals, swivels, plates, or spheres) on static and some electrified wires to increase their visibility. Although studies of the effectiveness of such devices have yielded contradictory results, the implementation of flight diverters is increasing rapidly. We reviewed the results of studies in which transmission or distribution wires were marked and conducted a meta‐analysis to examine the effectiveness of flight diverters in reducing bird mortality. We included in our meta‐analysis all studies in which researchers searched for carcasses of birds killed by a collision with wires. In those studies that also included data on flight frequency, we examined 8 covariates of effectiveness: source of data, study design, alternate design (if marked and unmarked spans were alternated in the same line), periodicity of searches for carcasses, width of the search transect, and number of species, lines, and stretches of wire searched. The presence of flight diverters was associated with a decrease in bird collisions. At unmarked lines, there were 0.21 deaths/1000 birds (n =339,830) that flew among lines or over lines. At marked lines, the mortality rate was 78% lower (n =1,060,746). Only the number of species studied had a significant influence on effect size; this was larger in studies that addressed more species. When comparing mortality at marked and unmarked lines, we recommend use of the same time intervals and habitats and standardizing the periodicity of carcass searches.     

Suitability of ignition source “exploding wire” for determination of dust explosion characteristics in the 20-L-sphere

Several safety characteristics of dusts are determined in the 20-L-sphere (also known as SIWEK Chamber) according to international standards. Dust cloud ignition is carried out using pyrotechnical igniters. Due to various disadvantages of such igniters the need for alternative ignition sources arises again and again. An alternative could be an ignition source which is known as “exploding wire” or “fuse wire”. The paper presents test results of a comparative study between both ignition sources for the determination of the safety characteristics “Maximum Explosion Pressure” and “Maximum Rate of Explosion Pressure Rise” of five selected dusts in the 20-L-sphere. In addition to that the ignition mechanisms of both ignition sources were analyzed by high speed camera recordings and the ignition energy was determined with electric and calorimetric recordings. The paper shows results of measurements of the ignition energy of both ignition sources as well as sequences of the flame propagation.     

钢丝绳缺陷电磁检测技术与适用性评估

本文简述了钢丝绳缺陷检测技术的类别和发展动态,对比分析了国内外钢丝绳缺陷电磁检测仪器的性能参数和特性,结合实际应用总结了钢丝绳电磁检测技术存在的问题,评估了其工程适用性。